[Dec 20 update: The first draft of this post ended up with both consumer and enterprise advice, which made it complex. The enterprise half is now on the IANS blog: Never Waste a Good Crisis: Yahoo Edition.] Yesterday, Yahoo disclosed that attackers broke into Yahoo in 2013 and stole details on a billion accounts. Brian […]
One of the themes of The New School of Information Security is how other fields learn from their experiences, and how information security’s culture of hiding our incidents prevents us from learning. Today I found yet another field where they are looking to learn from previous incidents and mistakes: zombies. From “The Zombie Survival Guide: […]
Much of what Andrew and I wrote about in the New School has come to pass. Disclosing breaches is no longer as scary, nor as shocking, as it was. But one thing we expected to happen was the emergence of a robust market of services for breach victims. That’s not happened, and I’ve been thinking […]
Steve Bellovin and I provided some “Input to the Commission on Enhancing National Cybersecurity.” It opens: We are writing after 25 years of calls for a “NTSB for Security” have failed to result in action. As early as 1991, a National Research Council report called for “build[ing] a repository of incident data” and said “one […]
Recently, some of my friends were talking about a report by Bay Dynamics, “How Boards of Directors Really Feel About Cyber Security Reports.” In that report, we see things like: More than three in five board members say they are both significantly or very “satisfied” (64%) and “inspired”(65%) after the typical presentation by IT and […]
There’s two major parts to the DNC/FBI/Russia story. The first part is the really fascinating evolution of public disclosures over the DNC hack. We know the DNC was hacked, that someone gave a set of emails to Wikileaks. There are accusations that it was Russia, and then someone leaked an NSA toolkit and threatened to […]
Back in October, 2014, I discussed a pattern of “Employees Say Company Left Data Vulnerable,” and its a pattern that we’ve seen often since. Today, I want to discuss the consultant’s variation on the story. This is less common, because generally smart consultants don’t comment on the security of their consultees. In this case, it […]
As security professionals, sometimes the advice we get is to think about the security controls we deploy as some mix of “cloud access security brokerage” and “user and entity behavioral analytics” and “next generation endpoint protection.” We’re also supposed to “hunt”, “comply,” and ensure people have had their “awareness” raised. Or perhaps they mean “training,” […]
Many executives have been trying to solve the problem of connecting security to the business, and we’re excited about what we’re building to serve this important and unmet need. If you present security with an image like the one above, we may be able to help. My new startup is getting ready to show our […]
For the last few months, I’ve been working full time and talking with colleagues about a new way for security executives to measure the effectiveness of security programs. In very important ways, the ideas are new and non-obvious, and at the same time, they’re an evolution of the ideas that Andrew and I wrote about […]
The Washington Post reports that there will be a “New agency to sniff out threats in cyberspace.” This is my first analysis of what’s been made public. Details are not fully released, but there are some obvious problems, which include: “The quality of the threat analysis will depend on a steady stream of data from […]
Lately I’ve noted a lot of people quoted in the media after breaches saying “X was Security 101. I can’t believe they didn’t do X!” For example, “I can’t believe that LinkedIn wasn’t salting passwords! That’s security 101!” Now, I’m unsure if that’s “security 101” or not. I think security 101 for passwords is “don’t […]
There’s a recurring theme in data breach stories: The risks were clear to computer experts inside $organization: The organization, they warned for years, might be easy prey for hackers. But despite alarms as far back as 2008, $organization was slow to raise its defenses, according to former employees. The particular quote is from “Ex-Employees Say […]
All through the week of BSides/BlackHat/Defcon, people came up to me to tell me that they enjoyed my BSides Las Vegas talk. (Slides, video). It got some press coverage, including an article by Jon Evans of TechCrunch, “Notes From Crazytown, Day One: The Business Of Fear.” Mr. Evans raises an interesting point: “the computer security […]
Stefan Larson talks about “What doctors can learn from each other:” Different hospitals produce different results on different procedures. Only, patients don’t know that data, making choosing a surgeon a high-stakes guessing game. Stefan Larsson looks at what happens when doctors measure and share their outcomes on hip replacement surgery, for example, to see which […]
Today, most presentations on threat modeling talk about each phase of the process. They talk about how to model what you’re building, what can go wrong, and what to do about it. Those tightly coupled processes can be great if you’ve never heard of an approach to threat modeling. But they can add to the […]
We’ve been hearing for several years that we should assume breach. Many people have taken this to heart (although today’s DBIR still says it’s still months to detect those breaches). I’d like to propose (predict?) that breach as a central concept will move through phases. Each of these phases will go through a hype cycle, […]
So there’s a New York Times front page story on how “Hackers in China Attacked The Times for Last 4 Months.” I just listened to the NPR story with Nicole Perlroth, who closed out saying: “Of course, no company wants to come forward and voluntarily say `hey we were hacked by China, here’s how it […]
A little ways back, I was arguing [discussing cyberwar] with thegrugq, who said “[Cyberwar] by it’s very nature is defined by acts of espionage, where all sides are motivated to keep incidents secret.” I don’t agree that all sides are obviously motivated to keep incidents secret, and I think that it’s worth asking, is there […]
There was a story recently on NPR about kitchen waste, “No Simple Recipe For Weighing Food Waste At Mario Batali’s Lupa.” Now, normally, you’d think that a story on kitchen waste has nothing to do with information security, and you’d be right. But as I half listened to the story, I realized that it in […]
Hoff’s blog post “Why Amazon Web Services (AWS) Is the Best Thing To Happen To Security & Why I Desperately Want It To Succeed” is great on a whole bunch of levels. If you haven’t read it, go do that. The first thing I appreciated is that he directly confronts the possibility of his own […]
Amazon now has copies of Control Alt Hack, the card game that I helped Tammy Denning and Yoshi Kohno create. Complimentary copies for academics and those who won copies at Blackhat are en route. From the website: Control-Alt-Hack™ is a tabletop card game about white hat hacking, based on game mechanics by gaming powerhouse Steve […]
So there’s a pair of stories on choosing good passwords on the New York Times. The first is (as I write this) the most emailed story on the site, “How to Devise Passwords That Drive Hackers Away.” It quotes both Paul Kocher and Jeremiah Grossman, both of whom I respect. There’s also a follow-on story, […]
Ben Goldacre talks about how physicians are only getting data on tests that come out positive: I look forward to the day when infosec standards are set based on some tests or evidence, and we have to fight to extract more data. The talk is here: here.
Friday, I had the pleasure of seeing Sebastian Deterding speak on ‘9.5 Theses About Gamification.’ I don’t want to blog his entire talk, but one of his theses relates to “playful reframing”, and I think it says a lot to how to run a game at work, or a game tournament at a conference. In […]
There is, yet again, someone in the news talking about a cyber Pearl Harbor. I wanted to offer a few points of perspective. First, on December 6th, 1941, the United States was at peace. There were worries about the future, but no belief that a major attack was imminent, and certainly not a sneak attack. […]
I was struck by the lead of Kelly Jackson Higgins’ article on the Defcon Social Engineering Contest: Walmart was the toughest nut to crack in last year’s social engineering competition at the DefCon hacker conference in Las Vegas, but what a difference a year makes: this year, the mega retailer scored the worst among the […]
I’d meant to post this at BlackHat. I think it’s worth sharing, even a bit later on: I’m excited to have be a part of a discussion with others who spoke at the first Blackhat: Bruce Schneier, Marcus Ranum, Jeff Moss, and Jennifer Granick. We’ve been asked to think about what the future holds, and […]
I’d like to offer up a thought with regards to the latest swirl of discussion around ‘information sharing’ in security: Don’t share, publish. I want to talk about this because more and more folks are starting to question the value of information sharing frameworks and forums. Andrew and I share that skepticism in The New […]
Yesterday, Dave Aitel wrote a fascinating article “Why you shouldn’t train employees for security awareness,” arguing that money spent on training employees about awareness is wasted. While I don’t agree with everything he wrote, I submit that your opinion on this (and mine) are irrelevant. The key question is “Is money spent on security awareness […]
A little while back, a colleague at the NSA reached out to me for an article for their “Next Wave” journal, with a special topic of the science of information security. I’m pleased with the way the article and the entire issue came out, and so I’m glad that the NSA has decided to release […]
Over the last few days, there’s been a lot of folks in my twitter feed talking about “active defense.” Since I can’t compress this into 140 characters, I wanted to comment quickly: show me the money. And if you can’t show me the money, show me the data. First, I’m unsure what’s actually meant by […]
Did you notice exactly how much of my post on Cloudflare was confirmation bias? Here, let me walk you through it. In our continuing series of disclosure doesn’t hurt, Continuing series are always dangerous, doubly so on blogs. I wanted to point out Cloudflare’s “Post Mortem: Today’s Attack; Apparent Google Apps/Gmail Vulnerability; and How to […]
Congratulations to Visa and Mastercard, the latest companies to not notify consumers in a prompt and clear manner, thus inspiring a shrug and a sigh from consumers. No, wait, there isn’t a clear statement, but there is rampant speculation and breathless commentary. It’s always nice to see clear reminders that the way to get people […]
That’s the title of this TED Talk, “Doctors Make Mistakes. Can we talk about that?” When was the last time you heard somebody talk about failure after failure after failure? Oh yeah, you go to a cocktail party and you might hear about some other doctor, but you’re not going to hear somebody talking about […]
At BSides San Francisco, I met David Sparks, whose blog post on 25 security professionals admit their mistakes I commented on here. And in the department of putting my money where my mouth is, I talked him through the story on camera. The video is here: “Security Guru Tells Tale of How His Blog Became […]
I really like what Adrian Lane had to say about the cars at RSA: I know several other bloggers have mentioned the exotic cars this year in vendor booths on the conference floor. What’s the connection with security? Nothing. Absolutely nothing. But they sure pulled in the crowds. Cars and booth babes with matching attire. […]
Someone respected wrote on a private mailing list: “If you spend more on coffee than on IT security, then you will be hacked. What’s more, you deserve to be hacked.” — Richard Clarke, keynote address, RSA 2002 To which, verily I say: Doom! Doom! You commit the sin of false comparison! You have angered Furlongeous, […]
Tripwire’s blog has “25 Infosec Gurus Admit to their Mistakes…and What They Learned from Them.” I’m glad to see attention paid to the simple reality that we all make mistakes. Extra points to Bill Brenner, Pete Lindstrom, Andrew Hay, Chris Wysopal, Rob Ton and Larry Ponemon for being willing to talk about mistakes that had […]
Wh1t3Rabbit has a great post “Understanding the apathetic response to a cyber attack:” Look, Dana’s right. His business is the organizing and promotion of the UFC fights. Secondary to that business is the merchandising and other aspects of the UFC – but that probably is a significantly smaller portion of the overall company revenue. Now […]
Alex recently asked for thoughts on Ian Grigg’s “Why Threat Modeling Fails in Practice.” I’m having trouble responding to Ian, and have come to think that how Ian frames the problem is part of my problem in responding to him. So, as another Adam likes to say, “
The past 10 years have been the best in the country’s aviation history with 153 fatalities. That’s two deaths for every 100 million passengers on commercial flights, according to an Associated Press analysis of government accident data. The improvement is remarkable. Just a decade earlier, at the time the safest, passengers were 10 times as […]
Adam Montville left a comment on my post, “Paper: The Security of Password Expiration“, and I wanted to expand on his question: Passwords suck when they’re not properly cared for. We know this. Any other known form of authentication we have is difficult because of the infrastructure required to pull it off. That sucks too. […]
My colleague Ross Smith has just presented an important new paper, “The Future of Work is Play” at the IEEE International Games Innovation Conference. There’s a couple of very useful lessons in this paper. One is the title, and the mega-trends driving games into the workplace. Another is Ross’s lessons of when games work: Over […]
First, good on AT&T for telling people that there’s been an attempt to hack their account. (My copy of the letter that was sent is after the break.) I’m curious what we can learn by discussing the attack. An AT&T spokesperson told Fox News that “Fewer than 1 percent of customers were targeted.” I’m currently […]
I talk a lot about the importance of data in enabling us to bring the scientific method to bear on information security. There’s a reason for that: more data will let us know the falsehoods, and knowing the falsehoods will set us free. But discovering what claims don’t stand up to scrutiny is a matter […]
On Friday, I watched Eric Ries talk about his new Lean Startup book, and wanted to talk about how it might relate to security. Ries concieves as startups as businesses operating under conditions of high uncertainty, which includes things you might not think of as startups. In fact, he thinks that startups are everywhere, even […]
Following the Diginotar breach, FOX-IT has released analysis and a nifty video showing OCSP requests. As a result, lots of people are quoting a number of “300,000”. Cem Paya has a good analysis of what the OCSP numbers mean, what biases might be introduced at “DigiNotar: surveying the damage with OCSP.” To their credit, FoxIt […]
There’s an interesting article over at CIO Insight: The disclosure of an email-only data theft may have changed the rules of the game forever. A number of substantial companies may have inadvertently taken legislating out of the hands of the federal and state governments. New industry pressure will be applied going forward for the loss […]
The fine folks at Securosis are starting a blog series on “Fact-based Network Security: Metrics and the Pursuit of Prioritization“, starting in a couple of weeks. Sounds pretty New School to me! I suggest that you all check it out and participate in the dialog. Should be interesting and thought provoking. [Edit — fixed my […]
Over at the Office of Inadequate Security, Pogo was writing about the Lulzsec hacking of Arizona State Police. Her article is “A breach that crosses the line?” I’ve been blogging for years about the dangers of breaches. I am concerned about dissidents who might be jailed or killed for their political views, abortion doctors whose […]
On Friday, I ranted a bit about “Are Lulz our best practice?” The biggest pushback I heard was that management doesn’t listen, or doesn’t make decisions in the best interests of the company. I think there’s a lot going on there, and want to unpack it. First, a quick model of getting executives to do […]
Over at Risky.biz, Patrick Grey has an entertaining and thought-provoking article, “Why we secretly love LulzSec:” LulzSec is running around pummelling some of the world’s most powerful organisations into the ground… for laughs! For lulz! For shits and giggles! Surely that tells you what you need to know about computer security: there isn’t any. And […]
So I haven’t had a chance to really digest the new DBIR yet, but one bit jumped out at me: “86% were discovered by a third party.” I’d like to offer up an explanatory story of why might that be, and muse a little on what it might mean for the deployment of intrusion detection […]
In watching this TEDMed talk by Thomas Goetz, I was struck by what a great lesson it holds for information security. You should watch at least the first 7 minutes or so. (The next 9 minutes are interesting, but less instructive for information security.) The key lesson that I’d like you to take from this […]
Over at The CMO Site, Terry Sweeney explains that “Hacker Attacks Won’t Hurt Your Company Brand.” Take a couple of minutes to watch this. Let me call your attention to this as a turning point for a trend. Those of us in the New School have been saying this for several years, but the idea […]
Hey everybody! I was just reading Gunnar Peterson’s fun little back of the napkin security spending exercise, in which he references his post on a security budget “flat tax” (Three Steps To A Rational Security Budget). This got me to thinking a bit – What if, instead of in the world of compliance where we […]
You might argue that insiders are dangerous. They’re dangerous because they’re authorized to do things, and so monitoring throws up a great many false positives, and raises privacy concerns. (As if anyone cared about those.) And everyone in information security loves to point to insiders as the ultimate threat. I’m tempted to claim this as […]
National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD USA April 5-6, 2011 Call for Participation The field of usable security has gained significant traction in recent years, evidenced by the annual presentation of usability papers at the top security conferences, and security papers at the top human-computer interaction (HCI) conferences. Evidence is growing that significant […]
“Towards Better Usability, Security and Privacy of Information Technology” is a great survey of the state of usable security and privacy: Usability has emerged as a significant issue in ensuring the security and privacy of computer systems. More-usable security can help avoid the inadvertent (or even deliberate) undermining of security by users. Indeed, without sufficient […]
On my work (“Microsoft Security Development Lifecycle”) blog, I’ve posted “Make Your Own Game! (My BlueHat lightning talk).”
Information Security.com reports that: [Richard Clarke] controversially declared “that spending more money on technology like anti-virus and IPS is not going to stop us losing cyber-command. Instead, we need to re-architect our networks to create a fortress. Let’s spend money on research to create a whole new architecture, which will cost just a fraction of […]
Brian Krebs has an interesting article on “Java: A Gift to Exploit Pack Makers.” What makes it interesting is that since information security professionals share data so well, Brian was able to go to the top IDS makers and get practical advice on what really works to secure a system. Sorry, dreaming there for a […]
The New York Times has a story, “Fatal Crashes of Airplanes Decline 65% Over 10 Years:” …part of the explanation certainly lies in the payoff from sustained efforts by American and many foreign airlines to identify and eliminate small problems that are common precursors to accidents. If only we did the same for security. This […]
It’s not just a 3d pie chart with lighting effects and reflection. Those are common. This one has been squished. It’s wider than it is tall. While I’m looking closely, isn’t “input validation” a superset of “buffer errors” “code injection” and “command injection?” You can get the “Application Security Trends report for Q1-Q2 2010” from […]
There have been a spate of articles lately with titles like “The First Steps to a Career in Information Security” and “How young upstarts can get their big security break in 6 steps.” Now, neither Bill Brenner nor Marisa Fagan are dumb, but both of their articles miss the very first step. And it’s important […]
A bit over a week ago, it came out that “Pennsylvania fires CISO over RSA talk.” Yesterday Jaikumar Vijayan continued his coverage with an interview, “Fired CISO says his comments never put Penn.’s data at risk.” Now, before I get into the lessons here, I want to point out that Maley is the sort of […]
Some time back, a friend of mine said “Alex, I like the concept of Risk Management, but it’s a little like the United Nations – Good in concept, horrible in execution”. Recently, a couple of folks have been talking about how security should just be a “diligence” function, that is, we should just prove that […]
Previously, Russell wrote “Everybody complains about lack of information security research, but nobody does anything about it.” In that post, he argues for a model where Ideally, this program should be “idea capitalists”, knowing some people and ideas won’t payoff but others will be huge winners. One thing for sure — we shouldn’t focus this […]
The New York Times has a short article by Markoff, “U.S. to Reveal Rules on Internet Security.” The article focuses first on declassification, and goes on to say: In his first public speaking engagement at the RSA Conference, which is scheduled to open Tuesday, Mr. Schmidt said he would focus on two themes: partnerships and […]
In his ongoing role of “person who finds things that I will find interesting,” Adam recently sent me a link to a paper titled “THE HUMAN FACTORS ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM–HFACS,” which discusses the role of people in aviation accidents. From the abstract: Human error has been implicated in 70 to 80% of all civil […]
I don’t like the term “Best Practices.” Andrew and I railed against it in the book (pages 36-38). I’ve made comments like “torture is a best practice,” “New best practice: think” and Alex has asked “Are Security “Best Practices” Unethical?“ But people keep using it. Worse, my co-workers are now using it just to watch […]
To improve threat intelligence, it’s most important to address the flaws in how we interpret and use the intelligence that we already gather. Intelligence analysts are human beings, and many of their failures follow from intuitive ways of thinking that, while allowing the human mind to cut through reams of confusing information, often end up misleading us.
This is probably considered to be “old news” by many, but I’m high-latency in my news at the moment. Much was made of the fact that the US Military’s enemies are now eavesdropping on the video feeds from US Drones on the battlefield using cheaply available commercial technology. But it’s OK, because according to the […]
Longtime readers know that I’m not the biggest fan of GRC as it is “practiced” today. I believe G & C are subservient to risk management. So let me offer you this statement to chew on: “A metric for Governance is only useful inasmuch as it describes an ability to manage risk” True or False, […]
Adam recently sent me a link to a paper titled, “Understanding scam victims: seven principles for systems security.” The paper examines a number of real-world (i.e. face-to-face) frauds and then extrapolates security principles which can be applied generically to both face-to-face and information or IT security problems. By illustrating these principles with examples taken from […]
Great post today over on SecureThinking about a customer who used a very limited signature set for their IDS. Truth of the matter was that our customer knew exactly what he was doing. He only wanted to see a handful of signatures that were generic and could indicate that “something” was amiss that REALLY needed […]
The excellent ‘Notes from the Technology Underground’ has some personal recollections of “when planes fell from the sky:” In the 1950s, planes crashed with alarming frequency into city neighborhoods near the Minneapolis-St. Paul airport. At least one devoured a house nearl where I now live, in Southwest Minneapolis. I heard from older neighbors about the […]